diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 673bdca..29f321e 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ FROM python:3.11-slim
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
+# 安装操作系统依赖（python-magic 需要 libmagic）
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libmagic1 \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
 # 复制后端依赖文件
 COPY backend/requirements.txt ./